What is breast augmentation (cosmetic breast enlargement) surgery? The breast are the most attractive and feminine trait of a woman’s personality. In breast augmentation surgery silicon breast implant placed behind the breast and chest wall muscles surgically. Benefits It Increase fullness and projection of your breasts Improve the balance of your figure Enhance your self-image and self-confidence What are the breast implants? The breast implants are available in many sizes and shapes. All the breast implants are made with Silicone envelope (bag). Many of them contain only Silicone gel. The Saline filled inflatable implant comes empty and after placing it in the body, is filled with saline. There are other double lumen implants that have silicone gel in the inner compartment and saline in the outer. What extent breast can be enlarged? Though there are limitations with regards to the extent the breast can be enlarged, most patients’ wishes and desires can be usually fulfilled. It is limited by the amount of skin available. Is there any side effect of breast augmentation surgery? As the implants are placed behind the breast tissue and the muscles, there are usually no problems in breast examination after enlargement. Also, there are no problems in breast feeding after this surgery. To-date, there is no recorded evidence of increased risk of breast cancer after silicone implant surgery. What about Surgical procedure? This surgery is performed under general anesthesia. The surgery takes approximately 2 to 3 hours. The patient usually goes home the same day or another day. An incision (cut), approximately two inch long is made just above the lower breast fold. A cavity is created behind the breast area/muscles. A satisfactory size implant is placed in the cavity and wounds are sutured in many layers. A snug dressing is applied and left in place for 5 to 6 days. The stitches are absorbable and no need of stitch removal. If there is excessive sagging of the breasts, breast tightening with uplift (mastopexy) could be done at the same time as breast enlargement. What happen after the surgery? There may be some discomfort during the first few days post-operatively. This will be similar to a muscle pain after strenuous physical activity. What is Post Operative Protocol? Wear a support bra for about 6 weeks until the swelling and bruising subsides. Avoid any straining, bending and lifting for a minimum of four weeks following the surgery. The scars from the incision will disappear over time. Women often return to non strenuous activity within two to three weeks of surgery and start returning slowly to their normal routine after four weeks of surgery.

What is polydactyly? Polydactyly is a deformity in which the hand has one or more extra fingers in any of three places of the hand: on the small finger side most common (ulnar) on the thumb side, also called thumb duplication less common (radial) in the middle of the hand least common (central) What are the different forms of polydactyly? skin and soft tissue the simplest to remove skin, soft tissue and bone but no joint more challenging to remove/remodel skin, soft tissue and bone with joint (closer to a fully-formed finger most challenging to remove/remodel) Is this is a hereditary problem? Yes but some time it present non hereditary. What causes polydactyly? During normal embryonic development (while the baby is still in the womb), the hand initially forms in the shape of a paddle, and then at about the sixth or seventh week of gestation splits into separate fingers. Polydactyly results if there's an irregularity in this process: An extra finger forms when a single finger splits in two. How is polydactyly diagnosed? Polydactyly can be seen by ultrasound prenatally, and after birth by clinical examination. How is polydactyly treated, and at what age? The extra finger can be removed surgically, when the child is between 1 and 2 years old, young enough that he won't miss developmental milestones such as grasping (prehension), but late enough that he can tolerate anesthesia and surgery well. What are the Complications of surgery? Major complications after surgery are rare but often minor like scar formation, stiffness, instability, and late deformity. Most cosmetic or functional deformities can be addressed in later corrective surgery. What is the outcome of polydactyly surgery? Most of the young patients have full hand function and an improved appearance of the hand. It is possible that in a severe case, may need additional reconstructive surgery to recover full function and improve the hand's appearance.